The end-to-end principle does not trivially extend to functions beyond end-to-end error control and correction.
2.
The actual error rate found was several orders of magnitude higher than previous small-scale or laboratory studies, with 25, 000 to 70, 000 errors per billion device hours per mega "'bit "'( about 2.5 7 ?10 " 11 error / bit�h ) ( i . e . about 5 single bit errors in 8 Gigabytes of RAM per hour using the top-end error rate ), and more than 8 % of DIMM memory modules affected by errors per year.
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